Table of Contents#
What is DoubleZero?
How does DoubleZero work?
Outer Ring and Inner Ring
DoubleZero Devices and Hardware
DoubleZero Exchange (DZX)
Software Components
Other Components
How to Connect to DoubleZero
Fees and Requirements
Detailed Explanation of the DoubleZero Delegation Program
DoubleZero Use Cases
DoubleZero $2Z Token Economics
DoubleZero Statistics
Founders of DoubleZero
Risks and Concerns of DoubleZero
Final Thoughts
Frequently Asked Questions
Does DoubleZero integrate with current blockchain clients and validator software?
What is the source of funding for DoubleZero?
Can DoubleZero be used for non-blockchain applications?
When will DoubleZero's software be open-sourced?
How does DoubleZero prevent network abuse or spam traffic?
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Summary: DoubleZero is a cryptocurrency project that introduces a new type of internet infrastructure that connects blockchains through a private high-speed fiber network, rather than relying on the public internet.
It acts as a global transmission layer for decentralized systems, enhancing bandwidth, latency, and reliability so that blockchains like Solana can operate at real-world Nasdaq-level speeds and scales.
Every day, 99.99% of internet traffic is transmitted through thousands of fiber optic cables controlled by fewer than 20 tier-one providers. This means that every blockchain, every transaction, and every decentralized system still relies on centralized infrastructure built over 30 years ago for simple functions like email and web pages.
No matter how fast the first or second layer claims to be, they are still bound by legacy mechanisms such as latency, jitter, congestion, and distance. The result is simple: high-performance software runs on low-performance roads.
DoubleZero is a new project aimed at changing this situation by converting underutilized private fiber into a permissionless high-speed network layer that connects blockchains, data centers, and distributed applications.
Continue reading to learn all about DoubleZero.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
What is DoubleZero?
DoubleZero is the world's first Network Layer 1 (N1), a decentralized infrastructure layer for connecting and accelerating all Layer 1 and Layer 2 blockchains. Unlike the public internet, it synchronizes global bandwidth, providing low-latency, deterministic routing, and verifiable network performance for distributed systems.
DoubleZero is not a blockchain but a neutral high-speed transmission layer that builds private fast channels between networks. It integrates private fiber links from independent contributors into a global mesh network, eliminating issues like jitter, packet loss, and inefficient routing.
DoubleZero serves as the high-performance backbone of decentralized networks, helping validators, protocols, and applications communicate faster and more reliably. By optimizing data flow at the physical layer, it enables blockchains like Ethereum, Solana, and Arbitrum to scale and operate at peak performance.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
How does DoubleZero work?
DoubleZero works by connecting privately contributed fiber links, dedicated hardware, and on-chain smart contracts to a unified global communication layer.
Its architecture separates data filtering, routing, and consensus flows while using smart contracts to coordinate configurations, verify performance, and transparently manage contributor incentives.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
Outer Ring and Inner Ring
The outer ring connects DoubleZero to the public internet while filtering spam, validating packets, and blocking attacks before traffic reaches the network core. The dedicated hardware at this layer ensures that only valid and authenticated data enters the system, reducing the workload on validators and improving network reliability.
The inner ring is an optimized core that connects participants through low-latency, dedicated bandwidth. It is unaffected by congestion on the public internet, supporting high-speed consensus and synchronized state updates across blockchains and distributed systems.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
DoubleZero Devices and Hardware
DoubleZero Devices (DZD) are dedicated network cabinets deployed in data centers to terminate fiber links and handle network traffic. Each device runs DoubleZero Agent software, which applies configurations and enforces routing rules based on validated smart contract instructions.
These devices typically use Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) to perform signature verification and packet deduplication at line speed. Offloading these tasks from validator servers can reduce computational overhead, speeding up transaction propagation and reducing network latency.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
DoubleZero Exchange (DZX)
The DoubleZero Exchange (DZX) is a regional interconnection hub where independent contributor networks converge and interconnect. Located in major metropolitan areas, DZX merges individual fiber routes into a high-performance interconnected network covering global data centers.
This structure ensures redundancy and optimized routing, allowing network traffic to be transmitted through the most efficient available paths. By connecting multiple contributors in each region, DZX increases throughput and fault tolerance while maintaining decentralization.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
Software Components
The DoubleZero Daemon (doublezerod) is responsible for managing tunnels, routing tables, and network communication between hosts and devices. The agent updates device configurations, while the controller converts on-chain smart contract data into actual routing and performance rules.
The activator allocates IP ranges and synchronizes network state changes based on blockchain events. These software layers collectively maintain accurate configurations, transparency, and continuous synchronization across all nodes in the DoubleZero network.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
Other Components
Multiple complementary systems further optimize DoubleZero's performance, transparency, and scalability within its global mesh network. Each component enhances the platform's utility proof model, optimizes routing accuracy, and strengthens economic synergies between users and contributors.
Here are the remaining core elements of DoubleZero:
- Edge Filtering: Removes spam and duplicate traffic before reaching validators to reduce load and improve throughput.
- Multicast Transmission: Sends a single data stream to multiple recipients simultaneously, saving bandwidth and accelerating propagation.
- Verifiable Routing: Publishes latency and service metrics on-chain, allowing for transparent verification of network quality.
- IBRL Mode: Seamlessly falls back to the public internet during temporary interruptions in DoubleZero.
- Contributor Incentives: Rewards providers of compliant, high-quality links and hardware through performance-tracking based on smart contracts.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
How to Connect to DoubleZero
Connecting to DoubleZero requires preparing a validator environment, generating identities, verifying ownership, and linking nodes through on-chain registration. This process ensures authenticated access to the DoubleZero network while maintaining compatibility with your existing blockchain client.
Please follow these steps to connect your validator or node:
- Prepare your environment: Install DoubleZero directly on a validator host running Ubuntu, Debian, or RHEL (not in a container) with root access and a public IP.
- Install the DoubleZero package: Use the provided repository link to install or upgrade "doublezerod," then verify the service status with "systemctl status doublezerod."
- Create a configuration directory: Add your Solana validator identity document (e.g., "validator-keypair.json") to "~/.config/doublezero/" to link your validator credentials.
- Generate your DoubleZero identity: Run "doublezero keygen" to create a new identity representing your server in the DoubleZero network.
- Retrieve and confirm your identity: Use "doublezero address" to view your DoubleZero ID and ensure it matches the ID used during setup and proof creation.
- Prove validator ownership: Sign a message containing your DoubleZero ID with the validator's Solana identity key to verify your control over the node.
- Submit a connection request: Send your identity, signature proof, and configuration details to DoubleZero for validation and network configuration.
- Test connectivity: Run "doublezero latency" to confirm communication with available DoubleZero devices and verify that latency results meet expected performance.
- Enable monitoring: Optionally activate Prometheus metrics for real-time insights into latency, throughput, and overall connection health.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
Fees and Requirements
Validators connecting to DoubleZero must pay a 5% seat fee on consensus-related revenue. This fee is used for network operations, infrastructure expansion, and contributor rewards. Nodes must run on x86_64 Linux servers with public IP connectivity and maintain at least 1 SOL in their validator identity account.
Becoming a network contributor (providing dedicated bandwidth and hardware) is expected to require a capital investment of $60,000 to $130,000, depending on jurisdiction and link configuration. Contributors will be compensated with 2Z tokens for maintaining high-quality connections and meeting performance benchmarks.
Detailed Explanation of the DoubleZero Delegation Program
The DoubleZero Delegation Program is a Solana staking pool with 3,000,000 SOL injected to enhance network reliability and decentralization. Validators connected to the DoubleZero mainnet test network, with commissions below 10%, staking over 10,000 SOL, and operating normally, are eligible for regular staking allocations, with rebalancing occurring weekly.
The first phase focuses on validators connected to DoubleZero, rewarding early participants who help optimize performance before the mainnet officially launches. The second phase aims to achieve geographic decentralization, prioritizing validators in underserved areas as DoubleZero continues to expand its global fiber network and access points.
Solana validators with over 10,000 SOL and stable uptime, if connected to DoubleZero, can receive weekly delegations tracked on Solana Explorer (view pool) and pay a 6% management fee. Validators can connect via the testnet or mainnet Beta, claim dzSOL at Sanctum, exchange through Jupiter, and stay updated in the DoubleZero Discord.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
DoubleZero Use Cases
According to its white paper, DoubleZero enhances the performance and reliability of any distributed system where data speed, synchronization, and stability are critical, benefiting more than just blockchains.
Here are the main use cases for DoubleZero:
- Layer 1 Blockchains: Improve validator communication through low-latency routing, real-time filtering, and multicast propagation to accelerate block generation and finality.
- RPC Nodes: Enhance resilience against DDoS attacks and ensure faster, more reliable transaction delivery and state updates to users and dApps.
- MEV Systems: Increase competitiveness by minimizing latency between searchers and validators, achieving faster bundle delivery and improving block efficiency.
- Layer 2 Blockchains: Enhance sequencer coordination, data availability synchronization, and inter-chain messaging to reduce congestion and improve state validation.
- Indexers and State Synchronization: Achieve faster synchronization for new validators, indexers, and catch-up nodes through high-bandwidth, low-latency data streams.
- Content Delivery Networks: Provide flexible on-demand private bandwidth, reduce loading times, improve routing, and eliminate reliance on long-term infrastructure leases.
- Online Gaming: Reduce latency and jitter for real-time multiplayer gaming experiences, ensuring smoother gameplay regardless of geographic distance or network load.
- Large Language Model Training: Accelerate distributed AI training by connecting GPU clusters across multiple data centers using high-bandwidth, deterministic network connections.
- Enterprise Networks: Provide resilient, permissionless private bandwidth to meet dynamic traffic demands without the rigidity or costs of traditional leased line contracts.
DoubleZero $2Z Token Economics
The 2Z token is DoubleZero's native SPL asset used to support payments, staking, and contributor rewards within the global network. The total supply of 2Z tokens is 10 billion, maintained through inflation-based issuance and periodic burn to sustain dynamic balance, fairness, and network integrity.
Here are the details of 2Z's distribution and utility:
- DoubleZero Foundation and Ecosystem: 29% allocated for governance, ecosystem development, and long-term sustainability, fully unlocked for operational use at launch.
- Jump Crypto: 28% allocated, with 5% unlocked at launch; the remainder follows a standard vesting schedule to coordinate long-term incentives.
- Malbec Labs: 14% for protocol development and maintenance, subject to standard vesting to ensure stable contributions to the ecosystem.
- Team: 10% allocated to founders and core contributors, vesting according to standard lock-up periods to align with project growth.
- Institutions: 12% specifically for strategic partners supporting infrastructure, liquidity, and ecosystem adoption, subject to standard lock-up periods.
- Contributors: 4% designated for independent network operators providing bandwidth and hardware capacity according to verifiable service level agreements.
- Builders: 2% committed for developers building on or integrating with the DoubleZero network stack, locked according to standard timelines.
- Validators: 1% reserved for validators; 0.7% unlocked at launch, with the remainder released one year after purchase.
The 2Z token is set to launch alongside the DoubleZero mainnet Beta in October 2025, following the company's receipt of a "no-action letter" from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) confirming its compliance. Shortly after listing, the 2Z price dropped over 40% due to token unlocks, insider allocations, and unclear circulating supply data, despite the founders confirming that the team did not sell any tokens.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
DoubleZero Statistics
DoubleZero currently supports over 24.6% of the total staking weight on the Solana mainnet, with 21 active nodes participating in the operation of validator nodes globally. The network consistently maintains a credit acquisition rate of 99.997%, outperforming the public internet's 99.972%, reflecting the reliability and stability of its distributed system.
The average voting latency remains at 1.005 slots, consistent with Solana's optimal timing, while the lost credit is reduced by more than 8 times compared to the public internet. These metrics confirm DoubleZero's efficiency as a dedicated transmission layer, significantly enhancing validator coordination and consensus speed.
Top-performing validators include Figment, Galaxy, Everstake, RockawayX, and Staking Facilities, representing major global hubs such as Frankfurt, London, New York, Amsterdam, and Prague. Together, they showcase the network's expanding geographic coverage and its role in strengthening Solana's infrastructure.
What is DoubleZero (2Z) Coin? How does it work? 2Z Use Cases, Architecture, and Token Economics
Founders of DoubleZero
DoubleZero was founded by Austin Federa, Andrew McConnell, and Mateo Ward. Austin Federa previously served as the strategic lead for the Solana Foundation and was an early leader at Bison Trails, where he guided the overall strategic direction of the project and publicly represented the company in most podcasts and media appearances.
Andrew McConnell and Mateo Ward possess deep technical and networking expertise. Andrew serves as the Chief Technology Officer, specializing in infrastructure engineering and protocol design; Mateo focuses on fiber optics, low-latency systems, and the physical network architecture of the project.
The DoubleZero Foundation is responsible for overseeing governance, decentralization, and applications while coordinating contributions from Malbec Labs, Jump Crypto, Anza, and Galaxy. These independent partners provide engineering expertise, infrastructure development, and long-term support for the global development of the network.
The founders share a common vision of building a permissionless high-speed transmission layer for global decentralized systems. Their mission is to extend decentralization to the physical internet layer, enabling faster, safer, and more censorship-resistant connections.
Risks and Concerns of DoubleZero
While DoubleZero introduces a groundbreaking model for decentralized networks, it also brings significant risks related to hardware, blockchain technology, economics, and governance. It is crucial for validators, contributors, and investors participating in the ecosystem to understand these challenges.
Key risks and concerns include:
- Hardware and Fiber Dependency: The network's performance relies on privately provided fiber links and dedicated hardware, which may face interruptions, performance degradation, or supply constraints.
- Geopolitical Risks: Physical routes spanning multiple jurisdictions pose risks related to regional regulations, cross-border data policies, or potential disruptions to submarine cables.
- Smart Contract Reliability: DoubleZero's coordination and incentive mechanisms depend on smart contracts that may contain errors, vulnerabilities, or logical flaws affecting operations.
- Token Distribution Imbalance: Large initial allocations to insiders and partners may limit decentralization and disproportionately influence governance decisions.
- Regulatory Ambiguity: Even with a no-action letter from the SEC, global interpretations of DePIN rewards remain uncertain and may change with new policy frameworks.
- Economic Viability: Maintaining contributor rewards and infrastructure incentives depends on token demand and network traffic growth, which may fluctuate during early adoption.
- Operational Complexity: Maintaining high-performance nodes and fiber routing across continents requires expensive coordination and ongoing technical expertise from contributors.
- Transparency and Data Integrity: Without ongoing audits, unclear reporting of circulating supply, vesting schedules, and performance metrics may undermine community trust.
Final Thoughts
DoubleZero has operated over 70 high-capacity fiber routes in 25 cities, carrying approximately a quarter of the staking weight of the Solana mainnet through its dedicated network.
Austin Federa describes it as the "missing hardware layer" capable of driving decentralized systems to Nasdaq-level throughput, achieving tens of thousands of transactions per second without sacrificing global accessibility or decentralization.
With deterministic routing, multicast transmission, and plans to achieve 100 Gbps multipath performance, DoubleZero is no longer just a white paper but a genuine attempt to enable blockchains to operate at modern market speeds.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does DoubleZero integrate with current blockchain clients and validator software?
Yes. DoubleZero integrates with existing validators and RPC clients without requiring code changes and provides an optional high-speed network layer for faster data transmission.
What is the source of funding for DoubleZero?
DoubleZero raised $28 million in a token financing round led by Multicoin Capital and Dragonfly Capital to accelerate its fiber deployment and infrastructure expansion. During this sale, over 1,600 validators applied, but only 260 passed KYC and allocation thresholds.
Can DoubleZero be used for non-blockchain applications?
Certainly. The network's low-latency fiber infrastructure also benefits content delivery, online gaming, enterprise networks, and training and inference of large AI models.
When will DoubleZero's software be open-sourced?
The complete DoubleZero software stack is expected to be open-sourced by the end of 2025 after completing audits and security reviews.
How does DoubleZero prevent network abuse or spam traffic?
DoubleZero uses edge filtering and verifiable routing to remove spam and duplicate packets before they reach validators while maintaining transparent on-chain performance logs.
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